Working principle of wheel loader

A wheel loader is a type of heavy machinery used for loading, handling and digging operations. It is composed of a number of main constituent systems, including chassis system, power system, hydraulic system, working device system, control system, axle system, braking system and electrical system. These systems work together to enable wheel loaders to complete a variety of loading and excavation tasks. Each system plays an important role and is coordinated to achieve the normal operation of the loader. Join OXPLO today to find out how wheel loaders are built and how they work.

1. Chassis system: Chassis system is the basic structure of the loader, it is composed of frame, chassis frame and suspension system, frame is the main load bearing parts of the loader, bearing the weight of the entire loader, chassis frame connects the frame and various system components, providing connection and support functions. The suspension system provides the loader with smooth ride and shock absorption through components such as springs and shock absorbers.

2. Power system: The power system of the loader is usually powered by an internal combustion engine or an electric motor. Internal combustion engine power systems include diesel engines or gasoline engines that generate power through the combustion of fuel. The electric motor power system is powered by electricity. The power system transmits power to the wheels through the transmission, clutch, transmission and drive shaft, thereby propelling the movement of the loader.

3. Hydraulic system: The hydraulic system is the key system of the loader, which is used to provide power and control various functions of the loader. The hydraulic pump extracts the hydraulic oil from the hydraulic tank and pressurizes it, and then transmits it to the hydraulic cylinder through the hydraulic pipeline. Hydraulic cylinders convert hydraulic oil into mechanical force, which is used to drive work devices and other functions. The hydraulic valve is used to control the flow direction and pressure of the hydraulic oil, thus controlling the action of the loader.

4. Working device system: The working device system is composed of bucket rod, bucket, lifting mechanism and rotating mechanism, which is used for loading, unloading and digging operations. The bucket rod is connected to the bottom of the loader, and the lifting function of the loading bucket is realized through the lifting mechanism. The bucket is used for loading and unloading materials. The rotating mechanism allows the loader's bucket rod and bucket to rotate horizontally for easy operation.

5. Control system: The control system is used to operate and control the functions and actions of the loader, and the operator controls the movement, working device and other functions of the loader through the joystick. The movement of the joystick controls the work of the hydraulic system by manipulating the valve. Sensors are used to sense the status and environmental information of the loader and transmit it to the electronic control unit. The electronic control unit controls the hydraulic system and other systems according to the signal of the sensor.

6. Axle system: axle system includes front axle and rear axle, which support the wheel of the loader, and transmit power and bear load. The front axle is usually used for steering and the rear axle for driving. The axle system also includes a steering mechanism, which realizes the steering function of the loader through the steering device.

7. Brake system: The brake system is used to control the stopping and decelerating of the loader. It includes brake pedal, brake disc, brake pad and hydraulic brake, etc. When the operator presses down on the brake pedal, friction is created between the brake disc and the brake pads, which slows or stops the movement of the loader.

8. Electrical system: Electrical system includes batteries, generators, wires and switches. The battery provides the electricity needed to start the loader, and the generator generates electricity through the rotation of the internal combustion engine to provide power to the electrical system. And control the loader lighting, signals and instruments and other electronic equipment.

These systems work in concert with each other to enable the wheel loader to efficiently complete a variety of loading and digging tasks. Wheel loaders are well suited for use in open mines. In a suitable open pit mine, the use of wheel loaders has the following advantages.

1. Flexibility and mobility: The wheel loader's small turning radius and height-adjustable suspension system enable it to move and operate flexibly in the narrow working area inside the mine. They can be adapted to different terrains and working conditions, including ramps, uneven ground and mine yards.

2. Efficiency and productivity: wheel loaders have strong loading capacity and high-speed transport capacity. They are capable of quickly loading and unloading large amounts of materials such as ore, gravel, soil and other materials. This efficient loading process can significantly increase productivity and operational efficiency.

3. Versatility: wheel loaders can be equipped with a variety of accessories and tools, such as buckets, steel claws, dodging plates, etc., to adapt to different operational needs. This allows them to perform a variety of tasks, such as digging, loading, ground leveling, earth moving, and more. Provide more flexibility and variety.

4. Ease of operation: The operation of wheel loaders is relatively simple. The operator can control the movement and function of the loader with simple levers and pedals.

5. Easy maintenance: wheel loaders usually have a relatively simple mechanical structure and easy maintenance design. Its main components and components are easy to access and replace, reducing the time and cost of maintenance and repair.

In summary, wheel loaders have the advantages of flexibility, high efficiency, versatility, easy operation and easy maintenance under suitable open air conditions. These characteristics make wheel loaders an important tool commonly used in open pit mining and construction, which can improve production efficiency and reduce costs.